[45]. Surah Al-Jathiyah [The Kneeling]: Ayat 017

১৭. আরও দিয়েছিলাম তাদেরকে ধর্মের সুস্পষ্ট প্রমাণাদি।  অতঃপর তারা জ্ঞান লাভ করার পর শুধু পারস্পরিক জেদের বশবর্তী হয়ে মতভেদ সৃষ্টি করেছে। তারা যে বিষয়ে মতভেদ করত, আপনার পালনকর্তা কেয়ামতের দিন তার ফয়সালা করে দেবেন।

Ayat 17. And (Allah) gave them (Children of Israel) clear proofs in matters [by revealing to them the Taurat (Torah)]. And they differed not until after the knowledge came to them, through envy among themselves. Verily, Your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection about that wherein they used to differ.

Tafseer of Surah Al-Jathiyah Ayat 17. And Allah granted them Clear Signs in affairs (of Religion to Israelites): it was only after knowledge had been granted to them that they fell into schisms, through insolent envy among themselves. Verily thy Lord will judge between them on the Day of Judgment as to those matters in which they set up differences 10:93. The Jews were the more to blame that they fell from Grace after all the divine favour which they had enjoyed. Their schisms and differences arose from mutual envy, which was rebellious insolence against Allah. As the next verse shows, some of them (not all) rejected the mission of the Prophet, also through envy that a Prophet had come among the Arabians. Cf. 2:90, and that whole passage, with its notes.

Hazrat Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah [SAWW](PBUH) said, "The Banu Israel were ruled by the Prophets. When one Prophet died, another succeeded him. There will be no Prophet after me. Caliphs will come after me, and they will be many.'' The Companions said: "O Messenger of Allah, what do you command us to do?'' He said, "Fulfill the pledge of allegiance to which is sworn first (then swear allegiance to the others). Concede to them their due rights and ask Allah that which is due to you. Allah will call them to account in respect of the subjects whom He had entrusted to them.''   [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].

Lesson: as mentioned above in Surah Al-Jathiyah Ayat 17. And (Allah) gave them (Children of Israel) clear proofs in matters” The political conduct of the Prophets means that rulership and government affairs were also assigned to them, that is, both religious and worldly affairs lay in their custody. There was no dichotomy between the two, they formed a single unit. This also characterized the period of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and the short spell that followed it in the history of Islam. This explains why after the death of one Prophet came another Prophet and became his successor. Second, the Hadith also settles the issue of the finality of Prophethood once for all. "No Prophet will succeed me except the caliphs'', said the Prophet (PBUH). In the case of many claimants to caliphate, he also gave a ruling, that is, people should primarily fulfill their allegiance pledged to the first caliph and keep away from caring for another claimant to caliphate. Third, the Prophet (PBUH) focused, on the lapses of rulers but without being suggestive of a rebellion and public demonstrations against them. Instead he teaches us to obey them in the administrative sphere and also to turn to Allah (SWT) and seek His Mercy and Blessing as long as they rule by the Law of Allah.