[30].Surah Ar-Rum [The Romans]: Ayat 48

৪৭. তিনি আল্লাহ, যিনি বায়ু প্রেরণ করেন, অতঃপর তা মেঘমালাকে সঞ্চারিত করে। অতঃপর তিনি মেঘমালাকে যেভাবে ইচ্ছা আকাশে ছড়িয়ে দেন এবং তাকে স্তরে স্তরে রাখেন। এরপর তুমি দেখতে পাও তার মধ্য থেকে নির্গত হয় বৃষ্টিধারা। তিনি তাঁর বান্দাদের মধ্যে যাদেরকে ইচ্ছা পৌঁছান; তখন তারা আনন্দিত হয়।

Ayat 48. Allah is He Who sends the winds, so they raise clouds, and spread them along the sky as He wills, and then break them into fragments, until you see rain drops come forth from their midst! Then when He has made them fall on whom of His slaves as He will, lo! They rejoice!

Tafseer of Surah Al Rum (The Romans) Ayat 48. It is Allah Who sends the Winds, and they raise the Clouds: then does He spread them in the sky as He wills, and break them into fragments, until thou seest rain-drops issue from the midst thereof: then when He has made them reach such of his servants as He wills behold, they do rejoice! - Again the Parable of the Winds is presented from another aspect, both physical and spiritual. In the physical world, see their play with the Clouds; how they suck up the moisture from terrestrial water, carry it about in dark clouds as needed, and break it up with rain as needed. So Allah's wonderful Grace draws up men's spiritual aspirations from the most unlikely places and suspends them as dark mysteries according to His Holy Will and Plan; and when His Message reaches the hearts of men even in the smallest fragments, how its recipients rejoice, even though before it, they were in utter despair!

Hazrat Sahl bin Saad (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) said, "People will continue to adhere to good as long as they hasten to break the Saum (fasting).''

[Al-Bukhari Book 04, Chapter 52, Hadith # 210]. 

Lesson : "Adhere to good'' here means welfare of the religion as well as that of this world. Breaking the Saum early does not mean that it is terminated before the prescribed time. What it really means is without any delay after the sunset. One should not delay it for the mere reason that the rigour one has gone through in the Saum should be enhanced further, as is done by some Sufi. There is no merit in such things because the real merit lies in following the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH). Welfare of the Muslims will, therefore, come in the share of the Muslims because of their following the Prophet's Sunnah of breaking the Saum in the early moments of the prescribed time.

[30].Surah Ar-Rum [The Romans] : Ayat 47

৪৭. আপনার পূর্বে আমি রসূলগণকে তাঁদের নিজ নিজ সম্প্রদায়ের কাছে প্রেরণ করেছি। তাঁরা তাদের কাছে সুস্পষ্ট নিদর্শনাবলী নিয়ে আগমন করেন। অতঃপর যারা পাপী ছিল, তাদের আমি শাস্তি দিয়েছি।মুমিনদের সাহায্য করা আমার দায়িত্ব।

Ayat 47. And indeed We did send Messengers before you (O Muhammad  [SAWW](PBUH) to their own peoples. They came to them with clear proofs, then, We took vengeance on those who committed crimes (disbelief, setting partners in worship with Allah, sins, etc.), and (as for) the believers it was incumbent upon Us to help (them).

Tafseer of Surah Al Rum (The Romans) Ayat 47. Allah did indeed send, before thee, messengers to their (respective) peoples, and they came to them with Clear Signs: then, to those who transgressed, Allah meted out Retribution: and it was due from Us to aid those who believed.

Hazrat Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah [SAWW](PBUH) said,  "If any one of you forgetfully eats or drinks (while observing fasting) he should complete his Saum (fasting), for Allah has fed him and given him to drink.'' [Al-Bukhari Book 03, Chapter 31, Hadith # 154]. 

Lesson : This Hadith tells us of a kindness and convenience of Islam that during the Saum if a person inadvertently does any such thing which destroys his Saum, i.e., eating, drinking, cohabitation with wife, etc., his Saum will remain intact due to forgetfulness, provided one abandons the act as soon as he remembers that he is observing Saum . He needs not make any expiation for such a Saum.

[30].Surah Ar-Rum [The Romans]: Ayat 46

৪৬. তাঁর নিদর্শনসমূহের মধ্যে একটি এই যে, তিনি সুসংবাদবাহী বায়ু প্রেরণ করেন, যাতে তিনি তাঁর অনুগ্রহ তোমাদের আস্বাদন করান এবং যাতে তাঁর নির্দেশে জাহাজসমূহ বিচরণ করে এবং যাতে তোমরা তাঁর অনুগ্রহ তালাশ কর এবং তাঁর প্রতি কৃতজ্ঞ হও।

Ayat 46. And among His Signs is this, that He sends the winds as glad tidings, giving you a taste of His Mercy (i.e. rain), and that the ships may sail at His Command, and that you may seek of His Bounty, in order that you may be thankful.

Tafseer of Surah Al Rum (The Romans) Ayat 46. Among His Signs is this, that He sends the Winds, as heralds of Glad Tidings, giving you a taste of His (Grace and) Mercy, that the ships may sail (majestically) by His Command and that ye may seek of His Bounty: in order that ye may be grateful. The theme of Allah's artistry in the physical and the spiritual world was placed before us above in 30:20-27. Then, in verses 28-40, we were shown how man and nature were pure as they came out of the hand of Allah, and how we must restore this purity in order to fulfill the Will and Plan of Allah. Now we are told how the restorative and purifying agencies were sent by Allah Himself-in both the physical and the spiritual world. Cf. 7:57 and 25:48. In the physical world, the winds not only cool and purify the air, and bring the blessings of rain, which fertilizes the soil, but they help international commerce and intercourse among men through seaways and now by airways. Those who know how to take advantage of these blessings of Allah prosper and rejoice, while those who ignore or fail to understand these Signs perish in storms. So in the spiritual world: heralds of glad tidings were sent by Allah in the shape of Messengers: those who profited by their Message prospered in spiritual gain, and those who ignored or opposed the Clear Sign perished spiritually.

Hazrat Aisha (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) came out during the night and observed (TARAWEEH) prayer in the mosque and some of the people prayed along with him. When it was morning the people talked about this and so a large number of people gathered there. The Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) went out for the second night, and they (the people) prayed along with him. When it was morning the people began to talk about it. So the mosque thronged with people on the third night. He (the Holy Prophet  [SAWW](PBUH) ) came out and they prayed along with him. When it was the fourth night, the mosque was filled to its utmost capacity but the Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) did not come out. Some persons among then cried:" Prayer." But the Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) did not come to them till he came out for the morning prayer. When he had completed the morning prayer, he turned his face to the people and recited Tashahhud (I bear testimony that there is no god but Allah and I bear testimony that Muhammad is His Messenger) and then said: Your affair was not hidden from me in the night, but I was afraid that (my observing prayer continuously) might make the night (TARAWEEH) prayer obligatory for you and you might be unable to perform it. [Muslim Book 004, Chapter 117 Hadith Number 1667].

Lesson : as mentioned above in Surah Ar-Rum [The Romans] Ayat 46. “that you may seek of His Bounty, in order that you may be thankful” It is well to keep the priorities of things mentioned in the Hadith as one gets the reward of following the Sunnah remembrance of Allah day and night.

[30].Surah Ar-Rum [The Romans]: Ayat 44-45

৪৪. যে কুফরী করে, তার কফুরের জন্যে সে-ই দায়ী এবং যে সৎকর্ম করে, তারা নিজেদের পথই শুধরে নিচ্ছে।

৪৫. যারা বিশ্বাস করেছে ও সৎকর্ম করেছে যাতে, আল্লাহ তা’আলা তাদেরকে নিজ অনুগ্রহে প্রতিদান দেন।নিশ্চয় তিনি কাফেরদের ভালবাসেন না।

Ayat 44. Whosoever disbelieves will suffer from his disbelief, and whosoever does righteous good deeds (by practicing Islamic Monotheism), then such will prepare a good place (in Paradise) for themselves (and will be saved by Allah from His Torment).

Ayat 45. That He may reward those who believe (in the Oneness of Allah Islamic Monotheism), and do righteous good deeds, out of His Bounty. Verily, He likes not the disbelievers.

Tafseer of Surah Al Rum (The Romans) Ayat 44 and 45. Those who reject Faith will suffer from that rejection: and those who work righteousness will spread their couch (of repose) for themselves (in heaven): 45. That He may reward those who believe and work righteous deeds, out of his Bounty. For He loves not those who reject Faith. Though the repose and bliss will have been won by the righteous by their own efforts, it must not be supposed that their own merits were equal to the reward they will earn. What they will get will be due to the infinite Grace and Bounty of Allah. In form this clause is (there as elsewhere) negative, but it has a positive meaning: Allah loves those who have faith and trust in Him, and will, out of His Grace and Bounty, reward them in abundant measure.

Hazrat Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah [SAWW](PBUH) said,  "If one does not eschew lies and false conduct, Allah has no need that he should abstain from his food and his drink.''  [Al-Bukhari Book 03, Chapter 31, Hadith # 127].

Lesson: This Hadith exhorts those observing Saum to fulfill all the requirements of fasting. One should not conduct himself in such a manner that on the one side he observes Saum and on the other he is fearless of Allah. To save himself from Allah's Wrath and to get the reward of the fasts, one must abstain from all sorts of vices, such as cheating, lying, backbiting, and using obscene language. The threat held against such people in this Hadith should make them fear that their Saum will go waste and they would be deprived of its reward. It does not mean that such people should start eating and drinking during Saum but what is intended is that they should save themselves from all kinds of sins so that they may earn the reward of Saum. 

[30].Surah Ar-Rum [The Romans]: Ayat 43

৪৩. যে দিবস আল্লাহর পক্ষ থেকে প্রত্যাহূত হবার নয়, সেই দিবসের পূর্বে আপনি সরল ধর্মে নিজেকে প্রতিষ্ঠিত করুন। সেদিন মানুষ বিভক্ত হয়ে পড়বে।

Ayat 43. So set you (O Muhammad [SAWW](PBUH) your face to (the obedience of Allah, your Lord) the straight and right religion (Islamic Monotheism), before there comes from Allah a Day which none can avert it. On that Day men shall be divided [(in two groups), a group in Paradise and a group in Hell].

Tafseer of Surah Al Rum (The Romans) Ayat 43. But set thou thy face to the right Religion before there come from Allah the Day which there is no chance of averting: on that Day shall men be divided (in two). We should recover the balance of what has been upset by Evil and Falsehood before it is too late. For a Day will surely come when true values will be restored and all falsehood and evil will be destroyed. Nothing but repentance and amendment can avert the consequences of Evil. When the Day actually comes, repentance will be too late: for the impassable barrier between Evil and Good will have been fixed, and the chance of return to Allah's pattern will have been lost. The sharp division will then have been accomplished between the unfortunate ones who rejected Truth and Faith and will suffer for their rejection, and the righteous ones who will attain Peace and Salvation: see next verse. Note that the state of the Blessed will not merely be a passive state. They will actively earn and contribute to their own happiness: "they will spread their couch of repose for themselves."

Hazrat Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: The Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) was the most generous of the men; and he was the most generous during the month of Ramadan when Jibril visited him every night and recited the Qur'an to him. During this period, the generosity of Messenger of Allah (PBUH) waxed faster than the rain bearing wind.  [Al-Bukhari Book 03, Chapter 31, Hadith # 126].  

Lesson: This Hadith induces us to do two good things frequently and with full preparation in the month of Ramadan. First, benevolence and generosity so that people get maximum time for worship and reduce their mundane affairs during this month. Second, recitation of the Qur'an and Mudarsah, (reading and hearing the Qur'an from one another) as is done by two Huffaz in this manner. The reason for the stress on the Qur'an is that the Qur'an and the month of Ramadan are closely linked with each other. The Qur'an was revealed in this month.  

[30].Surah Ar-Rum [The Romans]: Ayat 42

৪২. বলুন, তোমরা পৃথিবীতে পরিভ্রমণ কর এবং দেখ তোমাদের পুর্ববর্তীদের পরিণাম কি হয়েছে। তাদের অধিকাংশই ছিল মুশরিক।

Ayat 42. "Travel in the land and see what was the end of those before (you)! Most of them were Mushrikun (the disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah, polytheists, idolaters, etc.)."

Tafseer of Surah Al Rum (The Romans) Ayat 42. Say: "Travel through the earth and see what was the end of those before (you): Most of them worshipped others besides Allah." If you contemplate history and past experience (including spiritual experience), you will find that evil and corruption tended to destroy themselves, because they had false idols for worship, false standards of conduct, and false goals of desire.

Hazrat Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah [SAWW](PBUH) said,  "When Ramadan begins, the gates of Jannah are opened, the gates of Hell are closed, and the devils are chained.''  [Al-Bukhari Book 03, Chapter 31, Hadith # 123].

Lesson : This is a special distinction of the month of Ramadan during which Muslims become more inclined towards the worship of Allah. They pay greater attention to the recitation of the Qur'an, remembrance of Allah, worship, and seeking pardon for sins. 

[30].Surah Ar-Rum [The Romans]: Ayat 40-41

৪০. আল্লাহই তোমাদের সৃষ্টি করেছেন, অতঃপর রিযিক দিয়েছেন, এরপর তোমাদের মৃত্যু দেবেন, এরপর তোমাদের জীবিত করবেন। তোমাদের শরীকদের মধ্যে এমন কেউ আছে কি, যে এসব কাজের মধ্যে কোন একটিও করতে পারবে? তারা যাকে শরীক করে, আল্লাহ তা থেকে পবিত্র ও মহান।

৪১. স্থলে ও জলে মানুষের কৃতকর্মের দরুন বিপর্যয় ছড়িয়ে পড়েছে। আল্লাহ তাদেরকে তাদের কর্মের শাস্তি আস্বাদন করাতে চান, যাতে তারা ফিরে আসে।

Ayat 40. Allah is He Who created you, then provided food for you, then will cause you to die, then (again) He will give you life (on the Day of Resurrection). Is there any of your (so called) partners (of Allah) that do anything of that ? Glory be to Him! And Exalted be He above all that (evil) they associate (with Him). 

41. Evil (sins and disobedience of Allah, etc.) has appeared on land and sea because of what the hands of men have earned (by oppression and evil deeds, etc.), that Allah may make them taste a part of that which they have done, in order that they may return (by repenting to Allah, and begging His Pardon).

Tafseer of Surah Al Rum (The Romans) Ayat 40. It is Allah Who has created you: further, He has provided for your sustenance; then He will cause you to die; and again He will give you life. Are there any of your (false) "Partners" who can do any single one of these things? Glory to Him! and high is He above the partners they attribute (to him)! The person or thing or ideas, to which we give part-worship, while our whole and exclusive worship is due to Allah, are the "Partners" we set up. Do we owe our existence to them? Do they sustain our being? Can they take or give back to us? Certainly not. Then how foolish of us to give them part-worship! Cf. 10:18 and similar passages. 41. Mischief has appeared on land and sea because of (the meed) that the hands of men have earned that (Allah) may give them a taste of some of their deeds: in order that they may turn back (from Evil). Allah's Creation was pure and good in itself. All the mischief or corruption was introduced by Evil, viz., arrogance, selfishness, etc. As soon as the mischief has come in, Allah's mercy and goodness step in to stop it. The consequences of Evil must be evil, and this should be shown in such partial punishment as "the hands of men have earned," so that it may be a warning for the future and an invitation to enter the door of repentance The ultimate object of Allah's justice and punishment is to reclaim man from Evil, and to restore him to the pristine purity and innocence in which he was created. The Evil introduced by his possession of a limited free will should be eliminated by the education and purification of man's own will. For, with his will and motives purified, he is capable of much greater heights than a creature not endowed with any free will (Cf. 2:6 and 32:13).

Hazrat Sahl bin Saad (May Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) said, "In Jannah there is a gate which is called Ar-Raiyan through which only those who observe Saum (fasting) will enter on the Day of Resurrection. None else will enter through it. It will be called out, "Where are those who observe fasting?'' So they will stand up and proceed towards it. When the last of them will have entered, the gate will be closed and then no one will enter through that gate.''  [Al-Bukhari Book 03, Chapter 31, Hadith # 120]. 

Lesson : This Hadith tells us about the special distinction of those who observe Saum. "Only those who observe Saum'' signify the faithful who not only observe Saum during the month of Ramadan but also frequently observe voluntary fasts over and above the obligatory ones, otherwise Saum of Ramadan are compulsory for every Muslim. Similar is the case of the people of Salat, people of Sadaqah and people of Jihad, who have been mentioned in the preceding Ahadith otherwise all Muslims are on par so far as the Salat, Sadaqah, etc., are concerned.