[59] Surah Al-Hashr [The Gathering]: Ayat 007

৭. আল্লাহ জনপদবাসীদের কাছ থেকে তাঁর রসূলকে যা দিয়েছেন, তা আল্লাহর, রসূলের, তাঁর আত্নীয়-স্বজনের, ইয়াতীমদের, অভাবগ্রস্তদের এবং মুসাফিরদের জন্যে, যাতে ধনৈশ্বর্য্য কেবল তোমাদের বিত্তশালীদের মধ্যেই পুঞ্জীভূত না হয়।  রসূল তোমাদেরকে যা দেন, তা গ্রহণ কর এবং যা নিষেধ করেন, তা থেকে বিরত থাক এবং আল্লাহকে ভয় কর। নিশ্চয় আল্লাহ কঠোর শাস্তিদাতা।

Ayat 7. What Allah gave as booty (Fai') to His Messenger (Muhammad  [SAWW](PBUH) from the people of the townships, - it is for Allah, His Messenger (Muhammad  [SAWW](PBUH), the kindred (of Messenger Muhammad  [SAWW](PBUH), the orphans, Al­-Masakin (the poor), and the wayfarer, in order that it may not become a fortune used by the rich among you. And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad  [SAWW](PBUH) gives you, take it, and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it), and fear Allah. Verily, Allah is Severe in punishment.

Tafseer of Surah Al-Hashr [The Gathering] Ayat 7. What Allah has bestowed on His Messenger (and taken away) from the people(5380) of the townships,- belongs to Allah,- to His Messenger and to kindred and orphans, the needy and the wayfarer; In order that it may not (merely) make a circuit between the wealthy among you. So take what the Messenger assigns to you, and deny yourselves that which he withholds from you. And fear Allah. for Allah is strict in Punishment. The Jews had originally come from outside Arabia , and seized on the land near Madinah. They refused to adapt themselves to the people of Arabia , and were in fact a morn in the side of the genuine Arabs of Madinah. Their dispossession is therefore a restoration of the land to its original people. But the word Fa' is here understood in a technical sense, as meaning property abandoned by the enemy or taken from him without a formal war. In that sense it is distinguished from Anfal, or spoils, taken after actual fighting, about which see 8:1, 41. The people of the townships: the townships were the Jewish settlements round Madinah, of Banu al Nadir and possibly of other tribes. Cf. the "townships" mentioned in 59:14 below. The reference cannot be to Wadi al Qura ( Valley of Towns ), now Median Salih, which was subjugated after Khyber and Fadak in A.H. 7, unless this verse is later than the rest of the Surah. Belongs to Allah: i.e., to Allah's Cause; and the beneficiaries are further detailed. No shares are fixed; they depend upon circumstances, and are left to the Judgement of the Leader. Compare a similar list of those entitled to Charity, in 2:177, but the two lists refer to different circumstances and have different beneficiaries in addition to the portion common to both. Alternatively these words may be translated: "So take what the Messenger  gives you, and refrain from what he prohibits you". 

Hazrat Ibn Masud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: After the battle of Hunain, Messenger of Allah [SAWW](PBUH) favored some people in the distribution of spoils (for consolation). He gave Al-Aqra bin Habis and Uyainah bin Hisn a hundred camels each and showed favour also to some more honorable persons among the Arabs. Someone said: "This division is not based on justice and it was not intended to win the Pleasure of Allah.'' I said to myself: "By Allah! I will inform Messenger of Allah [SAWW](PBUH) of this.'' I went to him and informed him. His face became red and he said, "Who will do justice if Allah and His Messenger do not?'' Then he said, "May Allah have mercy on (Prophet) Musa (Moses)[A.S]; he was caused more distress than this but he remained patient.'' Having heard this I said to myself: "I shall never convey anything of this kind to him in future". [Al-Bukhari Book 04, Chapter 53, Hadith # 378].

Lesson: as mentioned above in Surah Al-Hashr Ayat 7. What Allah gave as booty (Fai') to His Messenger (Muhammad  [SAWW](PBUH) from the people of the townships" This Hadith leads to the conclusion that the leader of the people or the calipha has a right, if situation demands, to give to the new Muslims and other influential and respectable people of the society more than others for their satisfaction and encouragement. The man who raised objection on the distribution of booty by the Prophet [SAWW](PBUH) was a hypocrite. Devout Muslims could never think that the Prophet [SAWW](PBUH) could be unjust to anyone. This incident also goes to prove that the Prophet [SAWW](PBUH) also felt as much as others did, the things which infuriated or pleased others, because he was a man and not a superhuman being.