[31].Surah Luqman [Luqman]: Ayat 13

১৩. যখন লোকমান উপদেশচ্ছলে তার পুত্রকে বললঃ হে বৎস, আল্লাহর সাথে শরীক করো না। নিশ্চয় আল্লাহর সাথে শরীক করা মহা অন্যায়।

Ayat 13. And (remember) when Luqman said to his son when he was advising him: "O my son! Join not in worship others with Allah. Verily! Joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed.

Tafseer of Surah Luqman Ayat 13. Behold, Luqman said to his son by way of instruction: "O my son! join not in worship (others) with Allah. for false worship is indeed the highest wrong-doing." Luqman is held up as a pattern of wisdom, because he realized the best in a wise life in this world, as based upon the highest Hope in the inner life. To him, as in Islam, true human wisdom is also divine wisdom; the two cannot be separated. The beginning of all wisdom, therefore, is conformity with the Will of Allah (31:12). That means that we must understand our relations to Him and worship Him aright (31:13). Then we must be good to mankind, beginning with our own parents (31:14). For the two duties are not diverse, but one. Where they appear to conflict, there is something wrong with the human will the duty to man conflicts with the duty to Allah, it means that there is something wrong with the human will, and we should obey Allah rather than man. But even here, it does not mean that we should be arrogant or insolent. To parents and those in authority, we must be kind, considerate, and courteous, even where they command things which we should not do and therefore disobedience becomes our highest duty. The worship of things other than Allah is the worship of false things, things which are alien to our true knowledge, things that go against our own pure nature as created by Allah.

Hazrat Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah [SAWW](PBUH) said, "Allah the Exalted and Majestic said: `Every act of the son of Adam is for him, except As-Siyam (the fasting) which is (exclusively) for Me, and I will reward him for it.' Fasting is a shield. When anyone of you is observing fast, he should neither indulge in obscene language nor should he raise his voice; and if anyone reviles him or tries to quarrel with him, he should say: `I am fasting.' By Him in Whose Hand the soul of Muhammad  [SAWW] is, the breath of one observing Saum is sweeter to Allah than the fragrance of musk. The one who fasts, experiences two joys: he feels pleasure when he breaks the fast. He is joyful by virtue of his fast when he meets his Rubb.''  [Al-Bukhari Book 03, Chapter 31, Hadith # 128].

Lesson : "Khuluf'', is the smell that comes from the mouth of person who observes Saum. It results from the thirst and hunger which he has to suffer during the Saum. The Hadith not only tells us the merits of Saum but also brings into focus the true significance of it. Saum is not thus mere abstention from food, drink and sexual intercourse, but also keeping away from all evils and vices and embracing virtues. 

[31].Surah Luqman [Luqman]: Ayat 12

১২. আমি লোকমানকে প্রজ্ঞা দান করেছি এই মর্মে যে, আল্লাহর প্রতি কৃতজ্ঞ হও। যে কৃতজ্ঞ হয়, সে তো কেবল নিজ কল্যানের জন্যই কৃতজ্ঞ হয়। আর যে অকৃতজ্ঞ হয়, আল্লাহ অভাবমুক্ত, প্রশংসিত।

Ayat 12. And indeed Allah bestowed upon Luqman Al­-Hikmah (wisdom and religious understanding, etc.) saying: "Give thanks to Allah," and whoever gives thanks, he gives thanks for (the good of) his own self. And whoever is unthankful, then verily, Allah is All Rich (Free of all wants), Worthy of all praise.

Tafseer of Surah Luqman Ayat 12. We bestowed (in the past) Wisdom on Luqman:  "Show (thy) gratitude to Allah." Any who is (so) grateful does so to the profit of his own soul: but if any is ungrateful, verily Allah is free of all wants, Worthy of all praise. The sage Luqman, after whom this Surah is called, belongs to Arab tradition. Very little is known of his life. He is usually associated with a long life, and his title is Mu'ammar (the long-lived). He is referred by some to the age of the 'Ad people, for who see 7:65. He is the type of perfect wisdom. It is said that he belonged to a humble station in life, being a slave or a carpenter, and that he refused worldly power and a kingdom. Many instructive apologues are credited to him, similar to Aesop's Fables in Greek tradition. The identification of Luqman and Aesop has no historical foundation, though it is true that the traditions about them influenced each other. Cf. 14:8. The basis of moral Law is man's own good, and not any benefit to Allah, for Allah is above all needs, and "worthy of all praise"; i.e., even in praising Him, we do not advance His glory. When we obey His Will, we bring our position into conformity with our own nature as made by Him.

Hazrat Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: I asked: "O Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH)! If I realize Lailat-ul-Qadr (Night of Decree), what should I supplicate in it?'' He  [SAWW](PBUH) replied, "You should supplicate: Allahumma innaka afuwwun, tuhibbul-afwa, fa fu anni (O Allah, You are Most Forgiving, and You love forgiveness; so forgive me).''  [At-Tirmidhi Hadith # 3513].

Lesson : Although no specific sign of Lailat-ul-Qadr has been mentioned in the Ahadith, some eminent scholars have stated, on the basis of their own experiences and observation that since angels descend on this night one feels a peculiar tranquility and peace of mind and one is overwhelmed with a unique tenderness of heart. The night is neither very hot nor very cold but a temperate one. Similarly, the sun that rises on the next day is also not very hot etc. etc. Allah knows the truth of the matter despite all that has been said in this regard. In any case, on this auspicious night every Muslim should earnestly pray to Allah for the forgiveness of his sins with reference to His Attribute of Forgiveness.

[31].Surah Luqman [Luqman]: Ayat 11

১১. এটা আল্লাহর সৃষ্টি; অতঃপর তিনি ব্যতীত অন্যেরা যা সৃষ্টি করেছে, তা আমাকে দেখাও। বরং জালেমরা সুস্পষ্ট পথভ্রষ্টতায় পতিত আছে।

Ayat 11. This is the creation of Allah. So show Me that which those (whom you worship), besides Him have created. Nay, the Zalimun(polytheists, wrong­doers and those who do not believe in the Oneness of Allah) are in plain error.

Tafseer of Surah Luqman Ayat 11. Such is the Creation of Allah. now show Me what is there that others besides Him have created: nay, but the Transgressors are in manifest error. The transition from "We" in the last verse to "Me" in this verse means a still more personal relation to Allah; (see Surah 2: Ayat 38): as we are now asked about the true worship of Allah, as against the false worship of others besides Allah.

Hazrat Ubadah bin As-Samit (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) came out to inform us about the Night of Qadr but two Muslims were quarreling with each other. So, the Prophet said, "I came out to inform you about the Night of Qadr but such and such persons were quarreling, so the news about it had been taken away; yet that might be for your own good, so search for it on the 29th, 27th and 25th (of Ramadan).  [Al-Bukhari Volume 3, Book 32, Number 240]

Lesson : We learn from this Hadith that Suhur is a distinctive mark with which Allah has blessed the Muslim Ummah. We learn from this Hadith that Lailat-ul-Qadr occurs in any of the last three odd nights - 25th, 27th and 29th - of the last ten nights of Ramadan. Its exact date has not been revealed for the reason that people keep themselves awake for prayer for a larger number of nights. Had its date been fixed, people would have kept awake for prayer only on that night.

[31].Surah Luqman [Luqman]: Ayat 10

১০. তিনি খুঁটি ব্যতীত আকাশমন্ডলী সৃষ্টি করেছেন; তোমরা তা দেখছ। তিনি পৃথিবীতে স্থাপন করেছেন পর্বতমালা, যাতে পৃথিবী তোমাদেরকে নিয়ে ঢলে না পড়ে এবং এতে ছড়িয়ে দিয়েছেন সর্বপ্রকার জন্তু। আমি আকাশ থেকে পানি বর্ষণ করেছি, অতঃপর তাতে উদগত করেছি সর্বপ্রকার কল্যাণকর উদ্ভিদরাজি।

Ayat 10. He has created the heavens without any pillars, that you see and has set on the earth firm mountains, lest it should shake with you. And He has scattered therein moving (living) creatures of all kinds. And Allah send down water (rain) from the sky, and Allah cause (plants) of every goodly kind to grow therein.

Tafseer of Surah Luqman Ayat 10. He created the heavens without any pillars that Ye can see; He set on the earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with you; and He scattered through it beasts of all kinds. We send down rain from the sky, and produce on the earth every kind of noble creature, in pairs. Cf. 13:2 and 16:15 Cf. 2:164. Note the change of the pronoun at this stage in the verse. Before this, Allah was spoken of in the third person. "He", and the acts of Creation referred to were acts that, in the main, were completed when the universe as we see it came into being, though its slow age-long evolution continues. After this, Allah speaks in the first person "We "-the plural of honour, as explained before (see 2:38); and the processes spoken of are those that go on continually before us, as in the case of rain and the growth of the vegetable kingdom. In some way the creation of the heavens and the earth and animal life on it may be considered impersonal to man, while the processes of rain and vegetation may be considered in special personal relationship to him. As describe by some scholars that sex life in plants is referred to, as in 13:3, where though the pairs here may refer to animals also. "Noble" (Karim) may refer to the more beneficent plants and trees (and animals), which Allah has created for man's use.

Hazrat Ibn Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: Some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) saw Lailat-ul-Qadr (Night of Decree) in their dreams in the last seven nights of Ramadan, whereupon the Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) said, "I see that your dreams all agree upon the last seven nights. Whosoever seeks it, let him seek it in the last seven nights.''  [Al-Bukhari Book 03, Chapter 32, Hadith # 232].

Lesson : "Tawat'at'' linguistically means to step or walk on, that is, to place foot over the place where one's fellow kept his foot. Here, it is used in the sense of correspondence. In other words, "I see that your dreams all agree upon the last seven nights'' stands to mean "you had similar dreams''. This was done by showing all of them the (spectacle) of Lailat-ul-Qadr. On the strength of these dreams, the Prophet  (PBUH) said that Lailat-ul-Qadr should be sought in the last seven nights of Ramadan. The wisdom of keeping it secret is to keep people awake to engage in worship for a larger number of nights in this auspicious month.

[31].Surah Luqman [Luqman]: Ayat 08-09

০৮. যারা ঈমান আনে আর সৎকাজ করে তাদের জন্য রয়েছে নেয়ামতে ভরা জান্নাত।

০৯. সেখানে তারা চিরকাল থাকবে। আল্লাহর ওয়াদা যথার্থ। তিনি পরাক্রমশালী ও প্রজ্ঞাময়।

Ayat 8. Verily, those who believe (in Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds, for them are Gardens of delight (Paradise).

Ayat 9. To abide therein. It is a Promise of Allah in truth. And He is the All Mighty, the All Wise.

Tafseer of Surah Luqman Ayat 8 and 9. For those who believe and work righteous deeds, there will be Gardens of Bliss,- To dwell therein. The promise of Allah is true: and He is Exalted in power, Wise. He is Exalted in power, and can carry out His Will, and nothing can stop the carrying out of His promise. He is also infinitely Wise: His promise is therefore full of meaning: it is not merely without purpose; it has a place in the Universal Plan.

Hazrat Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) used to observe Itikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan and say, "Seek Lailat-ul-Qadr (Night of Decree) in the odd nights out of the last ten nights of Ramadan.''  [Al-Bukhari Book 03, Chapter 32, Hadith # 234].

Lesson : as mentioned above in Surah Luqman Ayat 08. “those who believe (in Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds, for them are Gardens of delight (Paradise)”

We learn from this Hadith that Lailat-ul-Qadr occurs in any of the five odd nights - 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th and 29th - of the last ten nights of Ramadan. Its exact date has not been revealed for the reason that people keep themselves awake for prayer for a larger number of nights. Had its date been fixed, people would have kept awake for prayer only on that night. There is a general belief among the scholars that it is fixed, on the 27th night of Ramadan. But this is not correct. Ahadith do not confirm this view.

[31].Surah Luqman [Luqman]: Ayat 07

০৭. যখন ওদের সামনে আমার আয়তসমূহ পাঠ করা হয়, তখন ওরা দম্ভের সাথে এমনভাবে মুখ ফিরিয়ে নেয়, যেন ওরা তা শুনতেই পায়নি অথবা যেন ওদের দু’কান বধির। সুতরাং ওদেরকে কষ্টদায়ক আযাবের সংবাদ দাও।

Ayat 7. And when Our Verses (of the Qur’an) are recited to such a one, he turns away in pride, as if he heard them not, as if there were deafness in his ear. So announce to him a painful torment.

Tafseer of Surah Luqman Ayat 7. When Our Signs are rehearsed to such a one, he turns away in arrogance, as if he heard them not, as if there were deafness in both his ears: announce to him a grievous Penalty. Such men behave as if they had heard nothing of serious import, or laugh at serious teaching. The loss will be their own. They will miss the higher things of fife and be left out of Allah's blessings. Ignorance and arrogance are in most cases the causes of their fall.

 Hazrat Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) came to visit Saad bin Ubadah (May Allah be pleased with him) who presented bread and olive oil to him. The Prophet  [SAWW](PBUH) ate it and said, "The observers of fast have broken their fast with you (this is the literal translation, but the meaning is: `May Allah reward you for providing a fasting people with food to break their fast'); the pious people have eaten your food and the angels invoked blessings on you.''  [Abu Dawud Hadith # 3854]. 

Lesson : The word "Aftara'' is informative in nature, but it is used in the sense of a prayer. Thus, what it denotes is "May Allah give you the reward of one who arranges for the Iftar (breaking the Saum) of somebody." Thus, it induces one to hospitality according to his means.

[31].Surah Luqman [Luqman] : Ayat 06

০৬. একশ্রেণীর লোক আছে যারা মানুষকে আল্লাহর পথ থেকে গোমরাহ করার উদ্দেশে অবান্তর কথাবার্তা সংগ্রহ করে অন্ধভাবে এবং উহাকে নিয়ে ঠাট্টা-বিদ্রূপ করে। এদের জন্য রয়েছে অবমাননাকর শাস্তি।

Ayat 6. And of mankind is he who purchases idle talks (i.e. music, singing, etc.) to mislead (men) from the Path of Allah without knowledge, and takes it (the Path of Allah, the Verses of the Qur’an) by way of mockery. For such there will be a humiliating torment (in the Hell-fire).

Tafseer of Surah Luqman Ayat 6. But there are, among men, those who purchase idle tales, without knowledge (or meaning), to mislead (men) from the Path of Allah and throw ridicule (on the Path): for such there will be a Humiliating Penalty. Life is taken seriously by men who realize the issues that hang upon it. But there are men of a frivolous turn of mind who prefer idle tales to true Realities and they are justly rebuked here. In the time of the Prophet [SAWW](PBUH) there was a pagan Nadir Ibn al Harith who preferred Persian romance to the Message of Allah, and turned away ignorant men from the preaching of Allah's Word.

Hazrat Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) used to seclude himself (in the mosque) during the last ten nights of Ramadan. He would say, "Search for Lailat-ul-Qadr (Night of Decree) in the last ten nights of Ramadan.''  [Al-Bukhari Book 03, Chapter 32, Hadith # 237].

Lesson : We learn from this Hadith that (1). One should concentrate more on prayers and worship on the last ten nights of Ramadan than the first twenty nights, in the same way as one should do more worship in Ramadan than in the other months. 2. One should keep oneself awake for prayer, worship and glorification of Allah in the last ten nights of Ramadan so that one can attain the blessings of Lailat-ul-Qadr. 3. One should also persuade his family members to keep themselves awake for prayer and worship in the last ten odd nights of Ramadan so that they can also make efforts to please Allah. 4. Itikaf (seclusion in the mosque for prayers) in the last ten days of Ramadan is also a meritorious act for its being a practice of the Prophet  [SAWW](PBUH).

[31].Surah Luqman [Luqman]: Ayat 04-05

০৪. যারা সালাত কায়েম করে, যাকাত দেয় এবং আখেরাত সম্পর্কে দৃঢ় বিশ্বাস রাখে।

০৫. এসব লোকই তাদের পরওয়ারদেগারের তরফ থেকে আগত হেদায়েতের উপর প্রতিষ্ঠিত এবং এরাই সফলকাম।

Ayat 4. Those who perform AsSalat (Iqamat­ as- Salat) and give Zakat and they have faith in the Hereafter with certainty.

Ayat 5. Such are on guidance from their Lord, and such are the successful.

Tafseer of Surah Luqman Ayat 4 and 5. Those who establish regular Prayer, and give regular Charity, and have (in their hearts) the assurance of the Hereafter. The righteous are distinguished here by three marks, which are summed up in the phrase "doers of good", viz.: (1) they yearn towards Allah in duty, love and prayer, (2) they love and serve their fellow-men in charity, (3) they win peace and rest for themselves in the assured hope of the Future. Ayat 5. These are on (true) guidance from their Lord: and these are the ones who will prosper. They get the blessings because they submit their will to Allah's Will and receive His guidance. They will do well in this life (from the highest standpoint) and will reach their true Goal in the Future.

Hazrat Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah [SAWW](PBUH) used to observe Itikaf every year (during Ramadan) for ten days; in the year in which he passed away, he observed Itikaf for twenty days.  [Al-Bukhari Book 03, Chapter 33, Hadith # 260].

Lesson : as mentioned above in Surah Luqman Ayat " Our beloved Prophet  [SAWW](PBUH) were preparing himself for meeting with Allah (SWT) and We learn from these Ahadith that the observance of Itikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan is Sunnah of the Prophet  [SAWW](PBUH). But it can be done only in mosque not at home. Itikaf helps to enhance one's spiritual growth and to strive hard to worship Allah better as there is nothing to distract one's attention from this noble pursuit.

[31].Surah Luqman [Luqman]: Ayat 01-03

১. আলিফ-লাম-মীম।

২. এগুলো প্রজ্ঞাময় কিতাবের আয়াত।

৩. হেদায়েত ও রহমত সৎকর্মপরায়ণদের জন্য।

Ayat 1. Alif-Lam-Mim. [These letters are one of the miracles of the Qur’an, and none but Allah (Alone) knows their meanings.]

Ayat 2. These are Verses of the Wise Book (the Qur’an).

Ayat 3. A guide and a mercy for the Muhsinun (good doers).

Tafseer of Surah Luqman, this Surah contain 34 Ayats (4 Rukus) Tafseer of Ayat 1 to 3. A. L. M. (For these Abbreviated Letters, the Muqatta'at, on which a general discussion will be found in Appendix I (at the end of this Surah). The particular letters, Alif, Lam, Mim, are found prefixed to this Surah, and Surahs 3, 29, 30, 31 and 32 (six in all). In 2 and 3 the argument is about the rise and fall of nations, their past, and their future in history, with ordinances for the new universal people of Islam. In Surah 29 a similar argument about nations leads off to the mystery of Life and Death, Failure and Triumph, past and Future, in the history of individual souls. The burden of 30 is that Allah is the source of all things and all things return to Him. In 31 and 32 the same lesson is enforced: Allah is the Creator and He will be the Judge on the Last Day. There is therefore a common thread, the mystery of Life and Death, Beginning and End. Much has been written about the meaning of these letters, but most of it is pure conjecture. Some commentators are content to recognize them as some mystic symbols of which it is unprofitable to discuss the meaning by more verbal logic. We are asked to contrast, in our present life the real inner life against the outer life, and learn from the past about the struggles of the soul which uphold Allah's Truth, against the environment of evil which resists it, and to turn our thoughts to the Ma'ad, or man's future destiny in the Hereafter. 2. These are Verses of the Wise Book, This Surah relates to Wisdom and the Qur'an is appropriately called the Wise Book, or the Book of Wisdom. In verse 12 of this Surah there is a reference to Luqman the Wise. "Wise" in this sense (Hakim) means not only a man versed in knowledge human and divine, but one carrying out in practical conduct ( 'amat) the right course in life to the utmost of his power. His knowledge is correct and practical, but not necessarily complete: for no man is perfect. Such an ideal involves the conception of a man of heroic action as well as of deep and workmanlike knowledge of nature and human nature-not merely dreams or speculation. That ideal was fulfilled in a most remarkable degree in the Prophet, and in the sacred Book which was revealed through him. "The Wise Book" (Al-Kitab Al-Halum) is one of the title of the Qur'an. 3. A Guide and a Mercy to the Doers of Good, A guide to all, and, to those who accept its guidance, a source of mercy leading them to Salvation.

Hazrat Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) said, "Eat Suhur (predawn meal). Surely, there is a blessing in Suhur.''

[Al-Bukhari Book 03, Chapter 31, Hadith # 146].

Lesson :  This Hadith tells us that Suhur is Masnun (Sunnah of the Prophet  SAWW (PBUH)), even if one takes a small quantity of food. This meal is blessed and maintains one's energy and vitality during Saum. Against this, if a person goes to sleep after taking his dinner to save himself from the inconvenience of getting up before dawn or takes Suhur early will be, on one side, disobeying Messenger of Allah (PBUH) , while on the other side, he will be feeling hunger and thirst very early and very much as he himself has increased the period of fasting by not taking the Suhur. Subhan Allah! How the weaknesses of man have been taken into account in the teachings of Islam while suitable provision has been provided to overcome them!

[30].Surah Ar-Rum [The Romans]: Ayat 59-60

৫৯. এমনিভাবে আল্লাহ জ্ঞানহীনদের হৃদয় মোহরাঙ্কিত করে দেন।

৬০. অতএব, আপনি সবর করুন। আল্লাহর ওয়াদা সত্য। যারা বিশ্বাসী নয়, তারা যেন আপনাকে বিচলিত করতে না পারে।

Ayat 59. Thus does Allah seal up the hearts of those who know not [the proofs and evidence of the Oneness of Allah i.e. those who try not to understand true facts that which you (Muhammad [SAWW](PBUH) have brought to them].

Ayat 60. So be patient (O Muhammad [SAWW](PBUH). Verily, the Promise of Allah is true, and let not those who have no certainty of faith, discourage you from conveying Allah’s Message (which you are obliged to convey).

Tafseer of Surah Al Rum (The Romans) Ayat 59 and 60. Thus does Allah seal up the hearts of those who understand not. When an attitude of obstinate resistance to Truth is adopted, the natural consequence (by Allah's Law) is that the heart and mind get more and more hardened with every act of deliberate rejection. It becomes more and more impervious to the reception of Truth, just as a sealed envelope is unable to receive any further letter or message after it is sealed (Cf. 2:7 and n. 31, 6:46 , and 16:108). 60. So patiently persevere: for verily the promise of Allah is true: nor let those shake thy firmness, who have (themselves) no certainty of faith. The Prophet of Allah does not slacken in his efforts or feel discouraged because the Unbelievers laugh at him or persecute him or even seem to succeed in blocking his Message. He has firm faith, and he knows that Allah will finally establish His Truth. He goes on in his divinely entrusted task, with patience and perseverance, which must win against the levity of his opponents, who have no faith or certainty at all to sustain them.

Hazrat Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: When the last ten nights (of Ramadan) would begin, the Messenger of Allah  [SAWW](PBUH) would keep awake at night (for prayer and devotion), awaken his family and prepare himself to be more diligent in worship.  [Al-Bukhari Book 03, Chapter 32, Hadith # 241].

Lesson : The entire month of Ramadan is a spring season for virtues, worship and obedience of Allah, but its last ten days are the peak of this season of worship. Therefore, one must strive hard in the last ten days and nights of this month to follow the practice of the Prophet  [SAWW](PBUH), to seek the Pleasure of Allah and to attain the benefits of Lailat-ul-Qadr, which occurs during this period. The Prophet  [SAWW](PBUH) used to make special arrangement for observing Itikaf, and we must also follow this practice of his.