[48] Surah Al-Fath [The Victory]: Ayat 010

১০. যারা আপনার কাছে আনুগত্যের শপথ করে, তারা তো আল্লাহর কাছে আনুগত্যের শপথ করে। আল্লাহর হাত তাদের হাতের উপর রয়েছে। অতএব, যে শপথ ভঙ্গ করে; অতি অবশ্যই সে তা নিজের ক্ষতির জন্যেই করে এবং যে আল্লাহর সাথে কৃত অঙ্গীকার পূর্ণ করে; আল্লাহ সত্ত্বরই তাকে মহাপুরস্কার দান করবেন।

Ayat 10. Verily, those who give Bai'a (pledge) to you (O Muhammad  [SAWW](PBUH) they are giving Bai'a (pledge) to Allah. The Hand of Allah is over their hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks only to his own harm, and whosoever fulfills what he has covenanted with Allah, He will bestow on him a great reward.

Tafseer of Surah Al-Fath Ayat 10. Verily those who plight their fealty to thee do no less than plight their fealty to Allah. The Hand of Allah is over their hands: then anyone who violates his oath, does so to the harm of his own soul, and anyone who fulfils what he has covenanted with Allah,- Allah will soon grant him a great Reward. In the Hudaibiyyah negotiations, when it was uncertain whether Quraysh would treat well or ill the Prophet's delegate to Makkah, there was a great wave of feeling in the Muslim camp of 1400 to 1500 men. They came with great enthusiasm and swore their fealty to the Prophet, by placing hand on hand according the Arab custom: see paragraph 3 of the Introduction to this Surah. This in itself was wonderful demonstration of moral and material strength, a true Victory; it is called Bay ‘at Al-Ridwan (Fealty of Allah's Good Pleasure) in Islamic History. They placed their hands on the Prophet's hand, but the Hand of Allah was above them, and He accepted their Fealty. 

Hazrat Abu Abdur Rehman Auf bin Malik Al-Ashjai (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Seven, eight or nine people, including myself, were with Messenger of Allah [SAWW](PBUH) on an occasion when he [SAWW](PBUH) remarked, "Would you pledge allegiance to Messenger of Allah?'' As we had taken oath of allegiance shortly before, we said, "We have already done so, O Messenger of Allah.'' He again asked, "Would you not pledge allegiance to Messenger of Allah?'' So we stretched out our hands and said, "We have already made our pledge with you, O Messenger of Allah, on what should we make a pledge with you?'' He said, "To worship Allah and not to associate anything with Him, to perform the five (daily) Salat and to obey.'' Then he added in a low tone, "And not to ask people for anything.'' Thereafter, I noticed that some of these people who were present did not ask anyone to pick up anything for them if it fell from their hands.

[Muslim Book 05, Chapter 33, Hadith # 2270]

Lesson: as mentioned above in Surah Al-Fath Ayat 10. Verily, those who give Bai'a (pledge) to you (O Muhammad  [SAWW](PBUH) they are giving Bai'a (pledge) to Allah" Herein we find an approval of renewing the oath of loyalty; besides, there is also a ground for administering such oath in respect of the obedience and worship of Allah, and decent behavior. What is more, we are also under obligation to observe all that the oath of fealty stands for.